Actual damages
Actual malice
All purpose public Figures
Burden of proof for libel
Chilling effect
Damages
Defamation
Fair reporting or public record privilege ("qualified privilege" in Pember)
Falsity
Group identification
Harm
Identification
Knowledge of falsity
Libel (unprotected category); per se & per quod
Libel & deceased people?
Libel proof

Limited purpose public figures
Negligence
Opinions (versus assertions of fact)
Publication
Public figure
Public official
Punitive damages
Reckless disregard
Rhetorical hyperbole
Six elements of libel (note, in addition to Pember's 5, "actual harm")
Slander
Trade libel
CASES
Gertz v. Robert Welch 1974
*Harte-Hanks Communication v. Connaughton 1989
New York Times v, Sullivan 1964